Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Design and synthesis of thiazole-based hydroxamate histone deacetylase inhibitors with potent antitumor efficacy by inducing apoptosis, pyroptosis and cell cycle arrest

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-08474-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: 15a and 15d mediated HepG2 cell apoptosis. ( A ) Apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by 15a , 15d , and SAHA treatment for 48 h at the indicated concentrations were examined by using Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining analysis. ( B ) The statistical result of ( A ). ( C ) HepG2 cells were treated with 15a , 15d , and SAHA for 24 h at the indicated concentrations. The Cl-PARP and Cl-caspase 3 protein levels were examined by Western blot analysis, and β-actin was detected as the endogenous loading control, accordingly. ( D ) The statistical result of ( C ). The data are expressed as means ± SD of three separate experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 versus control.

Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were utilized for immunoblotting, with their respective sources and dilution factors indicated: Acetylated histone H3 (Ac-H3, Beyotime, catalog #AF5620, diluted 1:1000); Acetylated histone H4 (Ac-H4, Beyotime, catalog #AF5629, diluted 1:1000); Cyclin D1 (CST, catalog #2978, diluted 1:1000); Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4, CST, catalog #12790, diluted 1:1000); Cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (cl-PARP, CST, catalog #5625, diluted 1:1000); Caspase 3 (CST, catalog #9662, diluted 1:1000); Cleaved caspase 3 (cl-caspase 3, CST, catalog #9661, diluted 1:1000); Anti-DFNA5/GSDME (Abcam, catalog #ab215191, diluted 1:1000); γ-H2AX (CST, catalog #9718, diluted 1:1000); β-actin (CST, catalog #3700, diluted 1:10,000); Anti-rabbit IgG Fab2 (Sigma, catalog #A0545, diluted 1:10,000); Anti-mouse IgG Fab2 (Sigma, catalog #A4416, diluted 1:10,000); Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA, diluted 1:500).

Techniques: Double Staining, Western Blot, Control